SC Labs | R&R 5mg Calming Dog Chews - THC-Free

Certificate of Analysis

HEMP QUALITY ASSURANCE TEST

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Sample Name:

R&R 5mg Calming Dog Chews - THC-Free - Broad Spectrum

Infused, Hemp Infused

Total THC Not Detected

Total CBD 5.727 mg/unit

Sum Cannabinoids 6.004 mg/unit

Total Cannabinoids 5.991 mg/unit

Total Terpenoids 0.0024%

Top 3 Terpenoids

Camphor 0.0024%

Sample Information

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Sample Details

Sample ID:240625N001

Batch Number:6100C

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Cannabinoid Analysis - Summary

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Total THC: Not Detected

Total CBD: 5.727 mg/unit

Sum of Cannabinoids: 6.004 mg/unit

Total Cannabinoids: 5.991 mg/unit

Total THC/CBD is calculated using the following formulas to take into account the loss of a carboxyl group during the decarboxylation step:
Total THC = Δ⁹-THC + (THCa (0.877))
Total CBD = CBD + (CBDa (0.877))

Sum of Cannabinoids = Δ⁹-THC + THCa + CBD + CBDa + CBG + CBGa + THCV + THCVa + CBC + CBCa + CBDV + CBDVa + Δ⁸-THC + CBL + CBN

Total Cannabinoids = (Δ⁹-THC+0.877*THCa) + (CBD+0.877*CBDa) + (CBG+0.877*CBGa) + (THCV+0.877*THCVa) + (CBC+0.877*CBCa) + (CBDV+0.877*CBDVa) + Δ⁸-THC + CBL + CBN

Why are Sum of Cannabinoids and Total Cannabinoids calculated separately?

Sum of Cannabinoids: The concentration of each individual cannabinoid added together as they are, without accounting for decarboxylation. This measurement is of particular importance for certain cannabis products that are not intended to be heated prior to application or consumption.

Total Cannabinoids: The concentration of each acidic cannabinoid, multiplied by 0.877 to account for the loss of molecular mass that happens as it is converted to a neutral cannabinoid when heated. Then this calculated concentration is added to the concentrations of the corresponding neutral cannabinoid already present. This corrected data is of particular importance to both producers and consumers of products intended to be heated prior to application or consumption.

Terpenoid Analysis - Summary

39 tested, Top 3 Highlighted

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Total Terpenoids: 0.0024%

Camphor (0.0024%)

Safety Analysis - Summary

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Pesticides: Pass

Mycotoxins: Pass

Residual Solvents: Pass

Heavy Metals: Pass

Microbiology (PCR): Pass

Microbiology (Plating): Pass

View Complete Test Results:

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Cannabinoid Analysis

Tested

Tested by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD).

Method: QSP 1157 - Analysis of Cannabinoids by HPLC-DAD

Summary

Total THC: Not Detected

(Δ⁹-THC+0.877*THCa)

Total CBD: 5.727 mg/unit

(CBD+0.877*CBDa)

Total Cannabinoids: 5.991 mg/unit

Total CBG: 0.068 mg/unit

Total CBG (CBG+0.877*CBGa)

Total THCV: ND

Total THCV (THCV+0.877*THCVa)

Total CBC: ND

Total CBC (CBC+0.877*CBCa)

Total CBDV: 0.046 mg/unit

Total CBDV (CBDV+0.877*CBDVa)

Learn more

The cannabis plant contains dozens of active compounds called cannabinoids. These compounds are the primary contributors to the psychoactive effects of cannabis.

Cannabinoid testing determines the potency of a sample to aid in dosage considerations.

Cannabinoid Test Results

06/28/2024

Result Views

Table Pie Chart

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Compound	LOD/LOQ (mg/g)	Measurement Uncertainty (mg/g)	Result (mg/g)	Result (%)
Cannabidiol (CBD)	0.004 / 0.011	±0.0956	2.563	0.2563
Cannabinol (CBN)	0.001 / 0.007	±0.0020	0.068	0.0068
Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDa)	0.001 / 0.026	±0.0013	0.046	0.0046
Cannabigerol (CBG)	0.002 / 0.006	±0.0015	0.031	0.0031
Cannabidivarin (CBDV)	0.002 / 0.012	±0.0009	0.021	0.0021
Cannabichromene (CBC)	0.003 / 0.010	N/A	ND	ND
Cannabicyclol (CBL)	0.003 / 0.010	N/A	ND	ND
Cannabichromenic Acid (CBCa)	0.001 / 0.015	N/A	ND	ND
Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGa)	0.002 / 0.007	N/A	ND	ND
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)	0.002 / 0.012	N/A	ND	ND
Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid (THCa)	0.001 / 0.005	N/A	ND	ND
Cannabidivarinic Acid (CBDVa)	0.001 / 0.018	N/A	ND	ND
Tetrahydrocannabivarinic Acid (THCVa)	0.002 / 0.019	N/A	ND	ND
∆8 Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8THC)	0.01 / 0.02	N/A	ND	ND
Δ9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9THC)	0.002 / 0.014	N/A	ND	ND
SUM OF CANNABINOIDS			2.729 mg/g	0.2729%

Unit Mass:

2.2 grams

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Δ⁹-THC per Unit		ND
Total THC per Unit		ND
CBD per Unit		5.639 mg/unit
Total CBD per Unit		5.727 mg/unit
Sum of Cannabinoids per Unit		6.004 mg/unit
Total Cannabinoids per Unit		5.991 mg/unit

Learn more

The cannabis plant contains dozens of active compounds called cannabinoids. These compounds are the primary contributors to the psychoactive effects of cannabis.

Cannabinoid testing determines the potency of a sample to aid in dosage considerations.

Terpenoid Analysis

Tested

Terpene analysis utilizing gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID).

Method: QSP 1192 - Analysis of Terpenoids by GC-FID

Summary

Total Terpenoids (mg/g): 0.024 mg/g

Total Terpenoids (%): 0.0024%

Dominant Terpenoids

Below are this sample's 3 most abundant terpenoids by volume.

Camphor 0.0024%
A monoterpenoid ketone with a pungent fragrance that is as reminiscent of mothballs. It is commonly derived from Cinnamomum camphora, from which it lends its lame. It is a constituent of turpentine and has been used by certain cultures as an embalming fluid due to its antimicrobial effects. Found in camphor laurel, rosemary, East African camphorwood, goldenasters, coriander, feverfew, tarragon, nutmeg, sweet wormwood, yerba buena, mountain mint, hyssop, forskohlii, tansy, thyme, turmeric...etc.

Learn more

Terpenoid analysis is crucial for differentiating between strains of cannabis, as terpenoids have a major influence on the medical and psychological effects of a plant. The relationship between cannabinoids and terpeneoids is known as the "entourage effect."

Terpenoid Test Results

06/27/2024

Result Views

Table Bar Graph

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Compound	LOD/LOQ (mg/g)	Measurement Uncertainty (mg/g)	Result (mg/g)	Result (%)
Camphor	0.006 / 0.019	±0.0007	0.024	0.0024
Nerol	0.003 / 0.011	N/A	ND	ND
Cedrol	0.008 / 0.027	N/A	ND	ND
Guaiol	0.009 / 0.030	N/A	ND	ND
Borneol	0.005 / 0.016	N/A	ND	ND
Fenchol	0.010 / 0.034	N/A	ND	ND
Menthol	0.008 / 0.025	N/A	ND	ND
Myrcene	0.008 / 0.025	N/A	ND	ND
Camphene	0.005 / 0.015	N/A	ND	ND
Fenchone	0.009 / 0.028	N/A	ND	ND
Geraniol	0.002 / 0.007	N/A	ND	ND
Limonene	0.005 / 0.016	N/A	ND	ND
Linalool	0.009 / 0.032	N/A	ND	ND
Pulegone	0.003 / 0.011	N/A	ND	ND
Sabinene	0.004 / 0.014	N/A	ND	ND
p-Cymene	0.005 / 0.016	N/A	ND	ND
Nerolidol	0.006 / 0.019	N/A	ND	ND
Terpineol	0.009 / 0.031	N/A	ND	ND
Valencene	0.009 / 0.030	N/A	ND	ND
Eucalyptol	0.006 / 0.018	N/A	ND	ND
Isoborneol	0.004 / 0.012	N/A	ND	ND
Isopulegol	0.005 / 0.016	N/A	ND	ND
Citronellol	0.003 / 0.010	N/A	ND	ND
Terpinolene	0.008 / 0.026	N/A	ND	ND
β-Pinene	0.004 / 0.014	N/A	ND	ND
α-Pinene	0.005 / 0.017	N/A	ND	ND
β-Ocimene	0.006 / 0.020	N/A	ND	ND
Δ³-Carene	0.005 / 0.018	N/A	ND	ND
α-Cedrene	0.005 / 0.016	N/A	ND	ND
α-Humulene	0.009 / 0.029	N/A	ND	ND
Geranyl Acetate	0.004 / 0.014	N/A	ND	ND
α-Bisabolol	0.008 / 0.026	N/A	ND	ND
α-Terpinene	0.005 / 0.017	N/A	ND	ND
γ-Terpinene	0.006 / 0.018	N/A	ND	ND
Sabinene Hydrate	0.006 / 0.022	N/A	ND	ND
α-Phellandrene	0.006 / 0.020	N/A	ND	ND
β-Caryophyllene	0.004 / 0.012	N/A	ND	ND
Caryophyllene Oxide	0.010 / 0.033	N/A	ND	ND
trans-β-Farnesene	0.008 / 0.025	N/A	ND	ND
TOTAL			0.024 mg/g	0.0024%

Learn more

Pesticide Analysis

Pass

Pesticide and plant growth regulator analysis utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

*GC-MS utilized where indicated.

Method: QSP 1212 - Analysis of Pesticides and Mycotoxins by LC-MS or QSP 1213 - Analysis of Pesticides by GC-MS

Pesticide Test Results

07/02/2024

PASS

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Compound	LOD/LOQ (μg/g)	Action Limit (μg/g)	Measurement Uncertainty (μg/g)	Result (μg/g)	Result
Abamectin	0.032 / 0.097	0.07	N/A	ND	Pass
Acephate	0.006 / 0.018	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Acequinocyl	0.009 / 0.027	0.03	N/A	ND	Pass
Acetamiprid	0.016 / 0.049	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Aldicarb	0.030 / 0.090	0.1	N/A	ND	Pass
Allethrin	0.030 / 0.092	0.1	N/A	ND	Pass
Atrazine	0.006 / 0.019	0.025	N/A	ND	Pass
Azadirachtin	0.082 / 0.248	0.5	N/A	ND	Pass
Azoxystrobin	0.003 / 0.009	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Benzovindiflupyr	0.003 / 0.009	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Bifenazate	0.003 / 0.009	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Bifenthrin	0.021 / 0.064	0.2	N/A	ND	Pass
Boscalid	0.003 / 0.009	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Buprofezin^‡	0.006 / 0.019	0.02	N/A	ND	Pass
Carbaryl	0.007 / 0.020	0.025	N/A	ND	Pass
Carbofuran	0.003 / 0.008	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Chlorantraniliprole	0.006 / 0.018	0.02	N/A	ND	Pass
Chlorfenapyr*	0.005 / 0.015	0.1	N/A	ND	Pass
Chlorpyrifos	0.013 / 0.039	0.04	N/A	ND	Pass
cis-Permethrin			±	0.00
Clofentezine	0.003 / 0.009	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Clothianidin	0.008 / 0.025	0.025	N/A	ND	Pass
Coumaphos	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Cyantraniliprole	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Cyfluthrin	0.052 / 0.159	0.1	N/A	ND	Pass
Cypermethrin	0.051 / 0.153	0.3	N/A	ND	Pass
Cyprodinil^‡	0.003 / 0.008	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Daminozide	0.026 / 0.077	0.1	N/A	ND	Pass
Deltamethrin	0.059 / 0.180	0.5	N/A	ND	Pass
Diazinon	0.006 / 0.017	0.02	N/A	ND	Pass
Dichlorvos (DDVP)	0.012 / 0.038	0.1	N/A	ND	Pass
Dimethoate	0.003 / 0.009	0.1	N/A	ND	Pass
Dimethomorph	0.016 / 0.050	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Dinotefuran	0.010 / 0.030	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Diuron	0.013 / 0.040	0.125	N/A	ND	Pass
Dodemorph	0.012 / 0.035	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Endosulfan sulfate^†^‡	0.016 / 0.048	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Endosulfan-α*^†^‡	0.004 / 0.014	0.2	N/A	ND	Pass
Endosulfan-β*^†^‡	0.006 / 0.019	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Ethoprophos	0.003 / 0.009	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Etofenprox	0.014 / 0.042	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Etoxazole	0.007 / 0.020	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Etridiazole*	0.002 / 0.005	0.03	N/A	ND	Pass
Fenhexamid	0.003 / 0.008	0.125	N/A	ND	Pass
Fenoxycarb	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Fenpyroximate	0.007 / 0.020	0.2	N/A	ND	Pass
Fensulfothion	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Fenthion	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Fenvalerate^‡	0.033 / 0.099	0.1	N/A	ND	Pass
Fipronil	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Flonicamid	0.007 / 0.022	0.025	N/A	ND	Pass
Fludioxonil	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Fluopyram^‡	0.003 / 0.009	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Hexythiazox	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Imazalil	0.003 / 0.009	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Imidacloprid	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Iprodione	0.077 / 0.233	0.5	N/A	ND	Pass
Kinoprene	0.077 / 0.233	0.5	N/A	ND	Pass
Kresoxim-methyl	0.006 / 0.019	0.02	N/A	ND	Pass
λ-Cyhalothrin	0.068 / 0.206	0.25	N/A	ND	Pass
Malathion	0.003 / 0.009	0.02	N/A	ND	Pass
Metalaxyl	0.003 / 0.010	0.02	N/A	ND	Pass
Methiocarb	0.003 / 0.008	0.02	N/A	ND	Pass
Methomyl	0.008 / 0.025	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Methoprene	0.172 / 0.521	2	N/A	ND	Pass
Mevinphos	0.008 / 0.024	0.025	N/A	ND	Pass
MGK-264	0.015 / 0.047	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Myclobutanil	0.003 / 0.009	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Naled	0.021 / 0.064	0.1	N/A	ND	Pass
Novaluron	0.002 / 0.005	0.025	N/A	ND	Pass
Oxamyl	0.017 / 0.051	0.5	N/A	ND	Pass
Paclobutrazol	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Parathion-methyl	0.016 / 0.050	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Pentachloronitrobenzene (Quintozene)*	0.004 / 0.012	0.02	N/A	ND	Pass
Permethrin	0.056 / 0.168	0.04	N/A	ND	Pass
Phenothrin	0.016 / 0.047	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Phosmet	0.007 / 0.020	0.02	N/A	ND	Pass
Piperonyl Butoxide	0.010 / 0.029	0.2	N/A	ND	Pass
Pirimicarb	0.003 / 0.009	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Prallethrin	0.015 / 0.046	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Propiconazole	0.027 / 0.080	0.1	N/A	ND	Pass
Propoxur	0.003 / 0.008	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Pyraclostrobin	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Pyrethrins	0.016 / 0.049	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Pyridaben	0.005 / 0.017	0.02	N/A	ND	Pass
Pyriproxyfen	0.003 / 0.009	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Resmethrin	0.013 / 0.039	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
Spinetoram	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Spinosad	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Spirodiclofen	0.031 / 0.093	0.25	N/A	ND	Pass
Spiromesifen	0.016 / 0.050	0.03	N/A	ND	Pass
Spirotetramat	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Spiroxamine	0.020 / 0.062	0.1	N/A	ND	Pass
Tebuconazole	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Tebufenozide	0.003 / 0.008	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Teflubenzuron	0.007 / 0.022	0.025	N/A	ND	Pass
Tetrachlorvinphos	0.003 / 0.008	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Tetramethrin	0.021 / 0.063	0.1	N/A	ND	Pass
Thiabendazole	0.006 / 0.020	0.02	N/A	ND	Pass
Thiacloprid	0.003 / 0.009	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Thiamethoxam	0.003 / 0.010	0.01	N/A	ND	Pass
Thiophanate-methyl	0.013 / 0.040	0.05	N/A	ND	Pass
trans-Permethrin			±	0.00
Trifloxystrobin	0.003 / 0.009	0.02	N/A	ND	Pass

Mycotoxin Analysis

Pass

Mycotoxin analysis utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).

Method: QSP 1212 - Analysis of Pesticides and Mycotoxins by LC-MS

Mycotoxin Test Results

07/02/2024

PASS

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Compound	LOD/LOQ (μg/kg)	Action Limit (μg/kg)	Measurement Uncertainty (μg/kg)	Result (μg/kg)	Result
Aflatoxin B1	1.6 / 5.0	5	N/A	ND	Pass
Aflatoxin B2	1.4 / 4.1	20	N/A	ND	Pass
Aflatoxin G1	1.6 / 4.9	20	N/A	ND	Pass
Aflatoxin G2	1.6 / 5.0	20	N/A	ND	Pass
Ochratoxin A	1.6 / 5.0	5	N/A	ND	Pass
Total Aflatoxin		20	±	ND	Pass

Residual Solvents Analysis

Pass

Residual Solvent analysis utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Method: QSP 1204 - Analysis of Residual Solvents by GC-MS

Residual Solvents Test Results

06/28/2024

PASS

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Compound	LOD/LOQ (μg/g)	Action Limit (μg/g)	Measurement Uncertainty (μg/g)	Result (μg/g)	Result
Propane	0.234 / 0.781	500	N/A	ND	Pass
2-Methylpropane (Isobutane)	0.052 / 0.173	5000	N/A	ND	Pass
n-Butane	0.019 / 0.063	2000	N/A	ND	Pass
Total Butanes		500	±	ND	Pass
n-Pentane	0.310 / 1.033	1000	N/A	ND	Pass
n-Hexane	0.110 / 0.366	0	N/A	ND	Pass
2,2-Dimethylpentane (Neoheptane)	0.493 / 1.642		N/A	ND
2,3-Dimethylpentane	1.009 / 3.365		N/A	ND
2,4-Dimethylpentane	0.737 / 2.458		N/A	ND
3,3-Dimethylpentane	0.198 / 0.660		N/A	ND
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane (Triptane)	0.521 / 1.738		N/A	ND
2-Methylhexane (Isoheptane)	0.610 / 2.034		N/A	ND
3-Methylhexane	0.235 / 0.785		N/A	ND
3-Ethylpentane	0.304 / 1.012		N/A	ND
n-Heptane	13.12 / 43.72	500	N/A	ND	Pass
Total Heptanes		1000	±	ND	Pass
Benzene	0.089 / 0.295	0	N/A	ND	Pass
Toluene	0.115 / 0.382	0	N/A	ND	Pass
1,3-Dimethylbenzene (m-Xylene) / 1,4-Dimethylbenzene (p-Xylene)	0.451 / 1.502	2170	N/A	ND	Pass
1,2-Dimethylbenzene (o-Xylene)	0.387 / 1.289	2170	N/A	ND	Pass
Total Xylenes		217	±	ND	Pass
Methanol	53.92 / 163.4	500	N/A	ND	Pass
Ethanol	8.984 / 27.23	1000	N/A	ND	Pass
2-Propanol (Isopropyl Alcohol)	8.421 / 25.52	500	N/A	<LOQ	Pass
Acetone	10.59 / 32.08	5000	N/A	<LOQ	Pass
Ethyl Acetate	1.123 / 3.745	1000	N/A	ND	Pass

Total Butanes = n-Butane + 2-Methylpropane (Isobutane)

Total Heptanes = 2,2-Dimethylpentane (Neoheptane) + 2,3-Dimethylpentane + 2,4-Dimethylpentane + 3,3-Dimethylpentane + 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane (Triptane) + 2-Methylhexane (Isoheptane) + 3-Methylhexane + 3-Ethylpentane + n-Heptane

Total Xylenes = 1,2-Dimethylbenzene (o-Xylene) + 1,3-Dimethylbenzene (m-Xylene) / 1,4-Dimethylbenzene (p-Xylene)

Heavy Metals Analysis

Pass

Heavy metal analysis utilizing inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Method: QSP 1160 - Analysis of Heavy Metals by ICP-MS

Heavy Metals Test Results

06/27/2024

PASS

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Compound	LOD/LOQ (μg/g)	Action Limit (μg/g)	Measurement Uncertainty (μg/g)	Result (μg/g)	Result
Arsenic	0.02 / 0.1	0.42	N/A	ND	Pass
Cadmium	0.02 / 0.05	0.27	N/A	ND	Pass
Lead	0.04 / 0.1	0.5	N/A	ND	Pass
Mercury	0.002 / 0.01	0.4	N/A	ND	Pass

Microbiology Analysis

Pass

Analysis conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence detection of microbiological contaminants. And Analysis conducted by 3M^TM Petrifilm^TM and plate counts of microbiological contaminants.

Method: QSP 1221 - Analysis of Microbiological Contaminants and QSP 6794 - Plating with 3M^TM Petrifilm^TM

Microbiology Test Results (PCR)

06/29/2024

PASS

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Compound	Action Limit	Result	Result
Salmonella spp.	Not Detected in 25g	ND	Pass
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli	Not Detected in 25g	ND	Pass

Microbiology Test Results (PLATING)

06/29/2024

PASS

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Compound	Action Limit (cfu/g)	Result (cfu/g)	Result
Coliforms	100	ND	Pass
Total Yeast and Mold	10	ND	Pass
Total Aerobic Bacteria	100	ND	Pass

COA ID: 240625N001-002

These results relate only to the sample included on this report. This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without written approval of the laboratory.

Sample Certification: Action Limits used in this report are a compilation of guidance from state regulatory agencies in all states except Alaska. Action limits for required tests are the lower of any conflicting state regulations.

Decision Rule: Statements of conformity (e.g. Pass/Fail) to specifications are made in this report without taking measurement uncertainty into account. Where statements of conformity are made in this report, the following decision rules are applied: PASS - Results within limits/specifications, FAIL - Results exceed limits/specifications.

References: limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), not detected (ND), not tested (NT), μg/g = ppm, μg/kg = ppb, too numerous to count >250 cfu/plate (TNTC), colony-forming unit (cfu)